@article{heinrich_holopointer:_2021,
	title = {{HoloPointer}: a virtual augmented reality pointer for laparoscopic surgery training.},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {1861-6429 1861-6410 1861-6410},
	doi = {10.1007/s11548-020-02272-2},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: In laparoscopic surgery training, experts guide novice physicians to  desired instrument positions or indicate relevant areas of interest. These  instructions are usually given via verbal communication or using physical pointing  devices. To facilitate a sterile work flow and to improve training, new guiding  methods are needed. This work proposes to use optical see-through augmented reality  to visualize an interactive virtual pointer on the laparoscopic. METHODS: After an  interdisciplinary development, the pointer's applicability and feasibility for  training was evaluated and it was compared to a standard condition based on verbal  and gestural communication only. In this study, ten surgical trainees were guided by  an experienced trainer during cholecystectomies on a laparoscopic training  simulator. All trainees completed a virtual cholecystectomy with and without the  interactive virtual pointer in alternating order. Measures included procedure time,  economy of movement and error rates. RESULTS: Results of standardized variables  revealed significantly improved economy of movement (p = 0.047) and error rates  (p = 0.047), as well as an overall improved user performance (Total z-score;  p = 0.031) in conditions using the proposed method. CONCLUSION: The proposed  HoloPointer is a feasible and applicable tool for laparoscopic surgery training. It  improved objective performance metrics without prolongation of the task completion  time in this pre-clinical setup.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery},
	author = {Heinrich, Florian and Huettl, Florentine and Schmidt, Gerd and Paschold, Markus and Kneist, Werner and Huber, Tobias and Hansen, Christian},
	month = jan,
	year = {2021},
	pmid = {33095424},
	pmcid = {PMC7822765},
	keywords = {Head pointing, Laparoscopic surgery training, Medical augmented reality, Virtual pointer},
	pages = {161--168}
}